Shrimp Farming

Litopenaeus vannamei   is the most commonly cultured shrimp in Latin America and Southeast Asia, representing over 90 % of total shrimp production. India with its 8,118 km of coastline and 1.24 million Ha of brackish water area is the second shrimp producer in the world, with Andhra Pradesh being India’s largest vannamei farming area. Andra Pradesh, situated on the southern coast of the country, has 974 km of coastline and 175,000 Ha of brackish water. Andhra Pradesh has gradually increased its share in total marine exports of the country, with the United States and Vietnam as the main export markets. Currently, the state’s  L. vannamei aquaculture  is facing different issues and challenges to achieve sustainability related to diseases outbreaks, lack of availability of quality seed, high feed costs, unauthorized farming, international price fluctuations, less demand in the domestic market, and others. If farmers implement Better Management Practices (BMP) and  biosecurity  in L. v

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food-production sectors but the economic impact that parasites and bacterial, fungal and viral diseases have on the industry is highly significant for the many countries that rely heavily on this industry. Research into the diseases that affect penaeid shrimps that are grown in aquaculture systems is therefore vital, writes Bob Carling for TheFishSite. Two diseases that are currently being actively in Shrimp farming are: 1. The bacterial infection, Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) – also called Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) 2. The fungal infection, hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). AHPND Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) is a problem of the main countries that farm shrimps – China, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia. AHPND can occur in the first 30 days after stocking shrimp into ‘grow-out’ ponds, which is why AHPND is commonly, but

Introduction: During the early 2010, concerned by high shrimp selling prices, many manufacturers decided to use improved stocking densities in the pursuit of higher production levels. However, abnormally high water temperatures (>32°C) and greater feeding rates resulted in increased organic matter levels in the ponds, with the occurrence of a new pathological entity called “ white feces disease ”. The disease was first identified in Penaeus monodon cultivated in low salinity waters (3- 5‰), but it was far along spread throughout complete shrimp production area, where currently 99% production corresponds to Litopenaeus vannamei.  Disease scenario: The disease happens under different soil conditions, and it results in depreciated water quality. Peak mortality rates are seen in the appearance of very low oxygen (<3.0 mg/L)/low alkalinity (<80 ppm) levels. Initial disease signs appear in both control feed trays and at water surface, where abundant f