Shrimp Farming

Disease challenge by viruses, bacteria, fungi and toxic algae presents a major threat to profitable aquaculture production. Biosecurity, in other words reducing the number of infectious organisms in the aquaculture environment, is the most effective form of protection. Biosecurity is a set of management practices, which reduce the potential for the introduction, and spread of disease-causing organisms onto and between sites. Bio-security procedures, particularly disinfection and sanitation, should be combined with selection of pathogen-free seed and strategic treatments to either eradicate or reduce these pathogens to non-infectious levels. The Neospark Biosecurity Programme has been developed over many years with leading aquaculture producers around the nation. Neospark products and procedures have proven effective in practical farm conditions against a broad spectrum of pathogens. These include persistent and difficult to destroy immunosuppressive viruses causing WSSV,

Biosecurity is the management practices that prevent non-infected, healthy animal populations from being exposed to infectious or parasitic agents. Common biosecurity measures include: 1. Sanitation:                        Sanitation includes the cleaning and disinfecting of hatcheries, holding facilities, tanks, ponds, handling and vaccination equipment, etc. Cleaning must be done before disinfecting. Disinfectants include chlorine, heat, steam, formalin, and other chemical compounds. All of the chemical disinfectants are toxic, so all equipment should be rinsed well after disinfecting. 2. Vertical disease transmission:                        Vertically transmitted diseases (from parent to offspring) can be prevented by using healthy, disease-free broodstock. 3. Egg disinfection:                         Egg disinfection with iodine or other solutions at the time of the water hardening of eggs can reduce the incidence of disease problems of eggs and larvae. 4. Traf

Biosecurity involves following strict management protocols to prevent specific pathogens from entering a system or reducing the numbers. A good understanding of pathogen reservoirs is important. Quarantine, sanitation and disinfection are all important components of biosecurity . Quarantine , defined as the isolation of an organism or group of organisms to prevent the introduction or spread of infectious disease, is a standard procedure that is extremely important in aquaculture. In practical terms, quarantine is a standard set of procedures that should be observed to prevent the introduction of pathogens or diseases into a population of fish, prawn and shrimp in aquaculture. The quarantine protocols should be strictly adhered and should follow as many of the following protocols as are practical: testing of a sample of shrimp, prawn and fish prior to bringing them onto the facility. all-in, all-out stocking procedures. isolation or separation from other populations for

The world's demands for high quality aquaculture products make control of diseases increasingly important. Good Bio security measures are vital to maintaining healthy animals, to reducing the risk of acquiring diseases in aquaculture facilities and to harvest high quality good yield. Biosecurity Biosecurity can be defined as ‘the measures and methods adopted to secure a disease free environment in all phases of aquaculture practices (i.e. hatcheries, nurseries, growout farms) for improved profitability’. Biosecurity protocols are intended to maintain the "security" of a facility (i.e., prevent entry of, or reduce overall numbers prior to entry) with respect to certain diseasecausing organisms (parasites, bacteria, viruses and fungi) that may not be present in a particular system. In short, food producers have consumer safety as their primary target. If the food they produce is not safe, no economic model works. The second and equally important target

Diseases of Shrimp Shrimp aquaculture is the most important marine aquaculture industry. In spite of the hazardous development in world creation of developed shrimp, there have likewise been stunning, intermittent misfortunes because of ailments. Subsequently, sicknesses are currently considered as one of the basic constraining elements in the shrimp culture. Genuine viral ailment episodes of shrimp test the shrimp business to be better arranged in the perspective of an expanded learning about shrimps and their pathogens so that ailment counteractive action techniques could be moved forward. This requires moved attention to biosecurity, that is, conceivable strategies for developing shrimp in limited frameworks intended to keep the section of potential pathogens. The business likewise understood that a decent number of ailment episodes started from reckless transboundary development of tainted yet terribly typical aquaculture stocks. Methods of Disease Control in Shrim

Application of Probiotics: Probiotic action is interceded by an assortment of impacts that are subject to the probiotic itself, the measurement utilised, treatment length and course, and recurrence of conveyance. A few probiotics apply their valuable impacts by expounding antibacterial atoms, for example, bacteriocins that straightforwardly repress other microbes or infections, effectively taking an interest in the battle against diseases, while others restrain bacterial development over the gut divider (translocation), improve the mucous obstruction work by expanding the generation of inborn insusceptible particles, or regulate the provocative/resistant reaction. A few studies have shown that example acknowledgment receptors (PRPs, for example, toll-like receptors (TLRs) flagging pathways, insusceptible reactions, and the emission of antimicrobial peptides, for example, defensins and chemokines by the epithelium assume essential parts in these instruments. Here are a few

Immune system: In relation to farmed shrimp, bacterial diseases are considered as the largest cause of mortality in larvae. The administration of a mixture of bacteria (Bacillus spp. and Vibrio spp.) positively influenced on survival and had protective effect against Vibrio harveyi and the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV).  This result was due to stimulation of the immune system, by increasing phagocytosis and antibacterial activity. The administration of a commercial probiotic for the larvae of Marsupenaeus japonicus resulted in increased survival (97%) being significantly higher than the control treatment. Thus, the use of Bacillus coagulans SC8168 as probiotic for postlarvae of Litopenaeus vannamei resulted in higher survival of animals . In a study with tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), the inoculation of Bacillus S11, a saprophyte strain, resulted in higher survival of post larvae challenged by a luminescent pathogenic bacterial culture. Bacillus su

1. White Spot Disease (WSD) Pathogen : White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) Species affected :   Penaeus monodon   and   Litopenaeus vannamei   (10-85 DOC) Mortality rate : average to high, 100% in some cases within 10 d. Clinical signs : lethargic or moribund shrimps aggregated at pond surface and edges, slow to erratic swimming behavior, overall body color often reddish, minute to large (0.5-2.0 mm diameter) white inclusions embedded in the cuticle; Control measures : early harvest, strict isolation of infected ponds from movement, strengthened control of transportation, disinfection of infected ponds using Calcium hypochlorite (chlorine). 2. Yellowhead Disease (YHD) Pathogen : Yellowhead virus (YHV) Species affected :   Litopenaeus vannamei Mortality rate : could reach 100% in 2-5 days after infection. Clinical signs : Affected shrimps showed sudden increase in feeding activity and abnormal growth, then loss of appetite; aggregat