BIOSECURITY

What is Biosecurity?

Is a series of management practices to reduce the prevention of Infectious agents onto a shrimp farm.Essential aspect in food safety programs.Keeping food products wholesome in highest quality important for the health and benefits the consumers.Ensure consumer demand for the product. Profitability of Aquaculture enterprises. Shrimps are healthier and more productive, Benefits farming community profitability and better Environment.

Role of Probiotics in shrimp farming ?

Pro: favour, Bios: life. An antonym of antibiotic, probiotics involves in multiplying few good/useful microbes to compete with the harmful ones, thus suppressing their growth. A probiotic is a cultured product or live microbial feed supplement, which beneficially affects the host by improving its intestinal (microbial) balance. They are generally heterotrophic and feed on the organic digested sludge thus lowering the organic load of the pond ecosystem and improving the clarity of water. They produce enzymes which digests the waste matter and releases the free nitrogen thus helping in the removal of the toxic nitrates, nitrites, H2S and ammonia from the water. Probiotics produce antimicrobial compounds which inhibit pathogens from growing in pond water and prevent diseases. The microorganisms also grow in the shrimp gut and prevent pathogens growing in the same gastrointestinal region. Use of probiotics is assures a healthy shrimp and sustainable farm. Probiotics can be used in all areas of shrimp farming from hatchery, raceways, grow out ponds, pond preparation after harvest and treatment of discharge water holding tanks and reservoirs.

Biofloc technology and its benefits

Biofloc is a unique ecosystem of rich and potent suspended particles which are conglomerates of microbes, algae, protozoa and others with detritus. They are light, normally suspended in water with a size of 0.1- 0.4 mm. Biofloc is a rich source of high quality protein from bacteria and others known as single cell protein (SCP ).

Biofloc Technology Systems (BFT): Benefits

• BFT helps in solving culture water and feed problems.
• When carbon is added, nitrogen compounds combine with it to produce flocs of protein molecules.
• These molecules form a floating mass called bioflocs which are dominated by bacteria.
• The production of microbial biomass, are used by the culture species as additional high protein source.
• The bacteria take up ammonium from the water to produce microbial protein.
• BFT removes ammonia-nitrogen from the water.
• BFT creates additional feed for the shrimp thus reducing feed inputs but increasing production due to higher rate of stocking.

Algae bloom? Why you should prevent it?

Algae blooms are the uncontrolled growth of one or more species of algae, which may result from excessive nutrient loading in combination with adequate light, temperature, and other environmental factors.

The production of algal toxins is normally associated with algal blooms, or the rapid growth and exceptionally dense accumulation of algae. The term Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) is used to describe a proliferation of algae, or phytoplankton. Severe blooms of even non-toxic algae can spell disaster for cultured animals, because blooms deplete the oxygen in the shallow waters of many aquaculture systems. The number of HABs around

The effects of algal blooms vary widely. Some algae are toxic only at very high densities, while others can be toxic at very low densities (a few cells per liter). Some blooms discolor the water (thus the terms "red tide" and "brown tide"), while others are almost undetectable with casual observation.

How to stop algae bloom proactively?

Excess of nitrogen and phosphorus in pond water attract algae leading to bloom. The first step is to reduce organic bottom sludge < 4.0 % during pond preparation. The organic sludge is rich in nitrogenous compounds from fecal matter and excess feeds from the previous grow out cycle. Conventional method of drying out the top soil and removing top layers is not reliable. Therefore, it is recommended to bio secure the pond with probiotics during pond preparation and water culture. The microbes and enzymes in the probiotics digest the organic wastes and eliminate excess of nitrogen from pond. This will reduce the population of undesirable microorganisms and transform your pond into healthy ecosystem. Measure the concentration of NH3, NO2, NO3 to ensure safe levels. Top up the pond water level and introduce healthy PL shrimps.

During the growout cycle care must be taken not to give excess supplementary feed which will increase the bottom sludge and nitrogen level to attract and promote algal bloom. Another important step is to maintain a C:N ratio in the range of 20: 1. This means that addition of carbon source (molasses, HFCS, dextrose, bananas, rice bran etc.) is in the right direction with mechanical aeration to actively promote heterotrophic bacterial population to utilize all the nitrogen and deplete it. Low nitrogen in pond water means less algal density. This is important when high protein feed is supplemented and also when the protein is nutritionallyof poor quality (poor digestibility &absorption by shrimp population)this leads to less growth and wastage of feed. It is significant to monitor the sacchi disc number and turbidity routinely along with NH3 and NO2 concentration. Another way to monitor optimum feeding efficiency is to check the FCR regularly and prevent wastes. Excess feed and wasted feed are prelude to algae bloom and with severe economic consequences.

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