SHRIMP SPECIES AND THEIR SUITABILITY



Many factors must be considered when a farmer is deciding which species of shrimp he should culture. Due to its large size and high price, Penaeus monodon and P. indicus are generally considered for farming. It has also been seen that both these species are suitable for farming in Kerala's environment. Apart from these candidate species other commercially important species such as Metapenaeus ensis, M. monoceros, M. brevicornis, Penaeus semisulcatus and P. merguiensis are also potential species that can be grown in India. Another potential candidate species that is flooding international market is the White leg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei.Although the Government of India has not yet given sanctions to culture it in the country, many Asian countries have already started to culture this species.

Advantages of P. monodon
  • It attains a large size. Shrimp with a size of 10 to 12 pieces/kg are common, and sizes of 5 to 7 pieces/kg have been grown in ponds.
  • It is the fastest growing of all shrimp tested for culture. In ponds, juveniles of 3 cm in length have been grown to a size of 75 to 100 g in only five to six months.
  • Due to its large size, it brings a high price to the farmer. At peak seasons it demands over Rs. 450 per kg in India.
  • It can tolerate a wide range of salinity, 0.2 to 70 ppt. Salinity within the range of 10 to 25 ppt has no appreciable effect on growth when food is sufficient. Growth is reported to be slower at very low salinities.
  • It can tolerate temperatures up to at least 37.5°C. Mortalities occur at temperatures below 12°C only.
  • It grows rapidly when fed either with animal or vegetable protein.
  • Food conversion ratios are favourable. Values as low as 1.8:1 have been reported from Taiwan.
  • It is hardy and not greatly disturbed by handling.




Advantages of P. indicus
  • This shrimp grows to a fairly large size and brings a good price.
  • It is fairly fast growing, especially when young. Cultured in tanks at a density of 15/m2, it reached a size of 14 g in 16 weeks. In polyculture with milkfish in earthen ponds, females grew to about 28 g and males to about 12 g in 160 days.
  • Survival is high during the first three months of growth or up to a size of about 10 cm.
  • Wild seeds are usually abundant in estuaries near areas where the adults are present.
  • Gravid females are relatively easy to obtain from the wild in numbers sufficient to operate a hatchery.
  • Females can be matured in captivity with relative ease.
  • This shrimp moves out of a pond with water discharge, making harvesting easy.
  • Good growth has been obtained in intensive culture with a feed having 40 percent protein, which is lower than that required for some other species.
  • The exoskeleton is relatively thin, giving greater portion of edible meat to total weight.



Advantage of P. vannamei


  • Penaeus vannamei has the potential to grow as fast as P. monodon (at up to 3 g/wk) up to 20 g under intensive culture conditions.
  • They are amenable to culture at very high stocking densities of up to 150/m2 in pond culture, and even as high as 400/m2 in controlled recirculated tank culture.
  • Tolerates a wide range of salinities, from 0.5-45 ppt, is comfortable at 7-34 ppt, but grows particularly well at low salinities of around 10-15 ppt.
  • P. vannamei is very tolerant to low temperatures (down to 15°C) enabling them to be cultured in the cold season.
  • P. vannamei require lower protein feed (20-35%) than P. monodon resulting in a reduction in operational costs and amenability for closed, heterotrophic systems and has a better Food Conversion Ratios (FCRs) of 1.2.
  • Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) brood stocks are available for this species to produce disease free larvae.



For More Details please visit our website at www.vinnbio.com

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Importance Components of BioSecurity

Image
Biosecurity involves following strict management protocols to prevent specific pathogens from entering a system or reducing the numbers. A good understanding of pathogen reservoirs is important. Quarantine, sanitation and disinfection are all important components of biosecurity . Quarantine , defined as the isolation of an organism or group of organisms to prevent the introduction or spread of infectious disease, is a standard procedure that is extremely important in aquaculture. In practical terms, quarantine is a standard set of procedures that should be observed to prevent the introduction of pathogens or diseases into a population of fish, prawn and shrimp in aquaculture. The quarantine protocols should be strictly adhered and should follow as many of the following protocols as are practical: testing of a sample of shrimp, prawn and fish prior to bringing them onto the facility. all-in, all-out stocking procedures. isolation or separation from other populations for
Read more

An overview of L. vannamei shrimp aquaculture

Image
Litopenaeus vannamei   is the most commonly cultured shrimp in Latin America and Southeast Asia, representing over 90 % of total shrimp production. India with its 8,118 km of coastline and 1.24 million Ha of brackish water area is the second shrimp producer in the world, with Andhra Pradesh being India’s largest vannamei farming area. Andra Pradesh, situated on the southern coast of the country, has 974 km of coastline and 175,000 Ha of brackish water. Andhra Pradesh has gradually increased its share in total marine exports of the country, with the United States and Vietnam as the main export markets. Currently, the state’s  L. vannamei aquaculture  is facing different issues and challenges to achieve sustainability related to diseases outbreaks, lack of availability of quality seed, high feed costs, unauthorized farming, international price fluctuations, less demand in the domestic market, and others. If farmers implement Better Management Practices (BMP) and  biosecurity  in L. v
Read more

The importance of biosecurity and disinfection in aquaculture

Image
The world's demands for high quality aquaculture products make control of diseases increasingly important. Good Bio security measures are vital to maintaining healthy animals, to reducing the risk of acquiring diseases in aquaculture facilities and to harvest high quality good yield. Biosecurity Biosecurity can be defined as ‘the measures and methods adopted to secure a disease free environment in all phases of aquaculture practices (i.e. hatcheries, nurseries, growout farms) for improved profitability’. Biosecurity protocols are intended to maintain the "security" of a facility (i.e., prevent entry of, or reduce overall numbers prior to entry) with respect to certain diseasecausing organisms (parasites, bacteria, viruses and fungi) that may not be present in a particular system. In short, food producers have consumer safety as their primary target. If the food they produce is not safe, no economic model works. The second and equally important target
Read more